Phylogenetic Reconstruction of the Ancestral Chromosome Number of the Genera Anochetus Mayr, 1861 and Odontomachus Latreille, 1804 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae)

Recent phylogenetic and molecular data are changing our knowledge about the relations between species evolutionary processes resulting in chromosome variation observed ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Ants exhibit remarkable variations morphology, behavior, karyotypes, structure. By assembling genetic information trap-jaw from subfamily Ponerinae, we reconstructed relationships that inferred monophyletic condition Anochetus Odontomachus genera estimated their ancestral haploid number. According to inferences, these clades have an number n = 15. The most recent common ancestor of has arisen Early Paleocene Eocene periods (time ancestor). In genus, maintenance here species. This also suggests pericentric inversions were primary chromosomal rearrangement modulating karyotype evolution this genus. However, a reduction 15–14 is emarginatus cf. madaraszi , which likely occurred by centromeric fusion. contrast, increase horridus suggested fissions. showed “ rixosus group” several gains all haematodus group.” Our findings suggest fissions rearrangements lead changes ants. Considering state here, morphology due inversions, increases centric higher acrocentric or telocentric chromosomes karyotypes with < 15 supports such idea.